After training in New York City hospitals in the early 00s, Dr. Nikfarjam witnessed firsthand the crisis of patients seeking treatment for symptoms related to illicit silicone injections. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Experimental Studies on the Mechanical Properties of Loess Stabilized with Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose. Furthermore, it has been observed that the biopolymer-treated specimens showed better resistance to the influence of the environmental conditions. The Polynucleotides, RNA and DNA, are long polymers of nucleotides. The question is where to place the incision and how long to make the incision. Therefore, further research should be conducted to investigate in greater detail the durability of biopolymers in relation to environmental influence. Triaxial tests and direct shear tests were performed after five and 30 days of curing. Specimens were compacted in five layers with a standardized hammer. Further, the market is expected to reach USD 5.5 Billion by the end of 2027. . Should I be concerned in the future? Biopolymers are organic polymers that are produced by different biological organisms7. The DS test is commonly used to determine the cohesion and internal friction angle of soil. Additional testing was performed in order to closely determine the time needed for the specimens to achieve their compressive strength. Hellotill recently i believed that silicone removal was difficult, Last week i tried a new procedure on a patient,a friend, and i was surprised that ir worked very well. Chen, R., Zhang, L. & Budhu, M. Biopolymer Stabilization of mine tailings, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000902 (2013). These removal surgeries may require 1, 2 or more surgeries to get as much removed as possible. Common symptoms reported by our patients suffering from the effects of Silicone: Jeremy Nikfarjam, MD is a world leading pioneer in the open technique of silicone removal surgery. ", I would recommend removal of the foreign material if at all possible. Liposuction can only remove lower-density materials through the power of vacuum suction. This means that they break down when exposed to light or air, but these plastics are still primarily (as much as 98 per cent) oil-based and are not currently certified as 'biodegradable' under the European Union directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (94/62/EC). An attractive alternative to MICP is the soil improvement with biopolymers because it does not require microorganisms cultivation in the soil8. [1], A major defining difference between biopolymers and synthetic polymers can be found in their structures. 54, 356361 (2017). 37, 106126 (2012). In the first approach, all dry components (base soil, and biopolymer) were first slowly mixed together for a few minutes. Technol. Eng, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.7.6.633 (2014). NYC board certified plastic surgeon Dr. Jeremy Nikfarjam is one of just a handful of surgeons in the world who specialize in silicone removal. Unfortunately, most of the illegal materials injected are liquid viscous oil that is not only impossible to completely remove, but the tissue damage wrought by these materials may be overwhelming for the individual, leading to fulminant infection and death. 142, 486492 (2017). Polyglycolic acid (PGA) is a biopolymer that has great barrier characteristics and is now being used to correct the barrier obstacles from PLA and starch. Fillers can be divided into non-biodegradable and biodegradable. You'll first need an MRI. Prog. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Other examples of biopolymers include natural rubbers (polymers of isoprene), suberin and lignin (complex polyphenolic polymers), cutin and cutan (complex polymers of long-chain fatty acids) and melanin. The inverse proportionality of water content and compressive strength is a typical relationship that was reported in other research as well18,22. Dr. Kenneth Hughes performs a great number of revisions of all types of surgery. Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States; Department of . 8, 767774 (2016). The optimum biopolymer concentration may vary with the biopolymer type, soil type, and water content. If you fell victim to the dreadful silicone injection practice, there is a way to reverse the unfortunate procedure. They differ not only in their structure and chemical properties but also in their ability to cause adverse effects and complications. Injections of various foreign materials have been around for as long as there have been sharp hollow tubes and foreign materials. Comparing the wetting-drying durability to the atmospheric conditions, XG-treated specimens showed higher durability than the specimens made of plain soil, which shows more potential in biopolymers (foremost XG) which should be further researched. Biopolymer removal consists of eliminating the hazardous substance from your body by renowned and qualified practitioners. Smidsrd, O. J. Agrie. Sincerely, Dr. Katzen. Hi there. It is used as a flocculant that only takes a few weeks or months rather than years to degrade into the environment. If someone offers you a filler injection at a much lower cost than standard industry value, the quality of the preparation or the persons skills are likely insufficient. 2) and left to cure for a specific amount of time. Please contact my office to schedule a free consult and we will try to get you all fixed up. It has been concluded that the curing time increased the strength values measured in the UU test, ST test, and UU test. The most common chemical stabilizing agents that are used for chemical soil stabilization are cement and lime. I'm sorry to hear you have biopolymer injections. Found. Posted by My Cosmetic Surgery Miami on Tuesday, January 21, 2020 Dr. Kenneth Hughes minimizes additional damage by removing as little native tissue as possible while removing as much foreign material as possible. Silicone injected into your buttocks can travel through blood vessels producing granulomas and other health issues. All specimens were tested five and 30 days after preparation. In other words, each biopolymer-improved soil has an optimum biopolymer concentration. Article For instance, some medical issues may have Read More, WHY LIPOSUCTION OF FOREIGN MATERIAL INJECTIONS OF THE BUTTOCKS DOES NOT WORK Biopolymers in soil harden with drying which further improves soil strength. The Biopolymers cause a severe inflammatory reaction that can cause permanent damage to the tissues, known as Iatrogenic Allogenosis and an Autoimmune Syndrome (A.S.I.A. The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. Endres, H.-J. Yeast, fungi, cellulose, cereals and some bacteria contain BG30. Cho, G-C. & Ilhan Chang, I. Cementless Soil StabilizerBiopolymer. Geotech. All mixing quantities were batched using an electronic balance and mixed with the stainless-steel stirrer. Silk fibroin has been additionally found to support stem cell proliferation in vitro. ALG is an anionic biopolymer and is usually obtained from brown seaweed e.g. Chitin is a biopolymer abundant in nature and it is contained in shells. Thus, it can be stated that the majority of the compressive strength developed within the first five days after the preparation. This dead tissue must be cut out or excised. Nine samples were fully exposed to the influence of the environment. The agency wants to make the public aware of the dangers that may include irreversible deformities or even death. Since removing silicone from the buttock is a big procedure, please seek an experienced, board certified plastic surgeonwith significant experience in removing silicone from the buttock. Liquid silicone is unsafe, please do not use it ever. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Chitosan as drug delivery: Chitosan is used mainly with drug targeting because it has potential to improve drug absorption and stability. It was found that the improvement in strength during the period between five and 30 days for the plain specimens was 10%. One of the advantages of triaxial tests is that they can be performed under a broad range of confining pressures. As in the case of the unconfined compression, most of the strength was achieved during the first five days. Cellulose is used vastly in the form of nano-fibrils called nano-cellulose. I hope you know that you are not alone. Constr. GG, aside from soil strength improvement, can also be used for sand stabilization, liquid shoring20,21, and the reduction of soil compressibility19. These bilayer filters showed excellent removal efficiency over a wide range of PM sizes from 0.3 to 2.5 m. North America (United States, Canada), Market size, Y-O-Y growth Market size, Y-O-Y growth & Opportunity Analysis, Future forecast & Opportunity Analysis . Soldo, A. In fact, as their synthesis is controlled by a template-directed process in most in vivo systems, all biopolymers of a type (say one specific protein) are all alike: they all contain similar sequences and numbers of monomers and thus all have the same mass. Make sure they have performed at least 100 buttock silicone removal surgeries and have the before and after pictures to prove it. Strengthening of Korean residual soil with b-1,3/1,6-glucan biopolymer. Use of xanthan and guar gums in soil strengthening. & Stone, B. For the UU test, changes recorded in the mechanical properties between five and 30 days were considerable. 22-60111 2 over the claims the BIA did not reach, and we determine that Petitioners . There are numerous complications with these injections including skin loss, pulmonary emboli, muscle death, patient death, massive infection leading to death, etc. All tests were performed with different biopolymer concentrations and curing periods. There are a number of biophysical techniques for determining sequence information. Xanthomonas campestris bacterium is the bacteria which induces the fermentation process that creates XG25. The biopolymers are dissolved with a special laser instrument and then extracted from the body. In addition to their many essential roles in living organisms, biopolymers have applications in many fields including the food industry, manufacturing, packaging, and biomedical engineering. & Swain, K. Stabilization of pond ash using biopolymer. Because of this, collagen is one of the most easily attainable biopolymers, and used for many research purposes. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Some biopolymers- such as PLA, naturally occurring zein, and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate can be used as plastics, replacing the need for polystyrene or polyethylene based plastics. These properties allow for various biomedical applications of chitosan. Water was the most important factor in the preparation of the specimens. The rate of shearing displacement was set as 0.06cm/min. I used VASER device on the cheeks. Best,lDr. The trend of body injections brought an abundance of new preparations in the beauty industry. I've been performing this surgery for about 20 years now with thousands of patients. Patients frequently report ongoing inflammation and chronic pain syndromes that can result in moving pains throughout the body from the legs down into the ankles and into the abdomen as well. In addition, I highly recommend Regards,  Chen, C., Wu, L., Perdjon, M., Huang, X. ST tests were performed following general procedures described in the ASTM D3967-1637 but with a modified apparatus to accommodate small specimen sizes and relatively low loads. Dr. Hughes sees patients who have been to 20 or 30 consultations looking for an answer and have been turned away. The slopes of the plotted lines relate to the friction angles, and the intercepts with the vertical, shear stress axis represent the cohesion. The optimum biopolymer concentration changes depending on the biopolymer type. This is because the pores of the fine-grained soils are too small to provide an appropriate bacteria growth environment8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57135-x, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57135-x. 77, 430438 (2015). Therefore, CHI was excluded from further research on tensile strength. (required)Please choose an optionWould you like to schedule an appointment?Do you have a question about payment?You have a question and would like someone to call you?You have a question and would like someone to email you? Dr. Clayton Moliver, Dr. Paul Gill, Dr. Chris Patronella are 3 options. Since it was concluded from the preliminary UC and ST test results that XG, GG, and BG had the most dominant effect on the soil strength, the DS tests were conducted only on the soil specimens improved with these three biopolymer types. 11d is BG linking. The use for lips and other areas is off label Is there a way to remove silicone injections or remove most of it? Many times the patients really have run out of options or have no options when they seek out Dr. Hughes expertise. Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States . Specimens for the triaxial test were compacted in five layers in a mold with a diameter of 7cm and a height of 14cm. If you cannot find an experienced, buttock silicone removal surgeon in your neighborhood, consider traveling out of state if you must. . The patient is first put under local or general anesthesia. Mater. The goal is the reversal and reconstruction of any adverse effects or deformities caused by these dangerous injections. (a) XG with coarse-grained soil47; (b) GG with silty sand; (c) XG with silty sand; (d) BG with silty sand. Change in compressive strength under the influence of time, biopolymer-type, and biopolymer concentrations. Water purification: Chitosan has been used for water purification. Fat necrosis results when the fat dies due to lack of blood supply and dystrophic calcification occurs -thus creating a hard calcific ultradense brick of tissue. The applications of biopolymers can be categorized under two main fields, which differ due to their biomedical and industrial use.[1]. Constr. Soil with different admixtures showed different strengths when tested in the UC test. Rep. 8, 2565 (2018). I cannot speak enough about what an amazing experience I had. If they are not a source of ongoing infection, they can be very damaging to the skin, fat, and muscle and the blood supply to these tissues. 17 (2015). A direct tension test is the most direct way of collecting the information needed for the determination of material tensile properties experimentally. USA: Elsevier (2009). 88, 361372 (2016). The solution is characterized by high viscosity. The first two stages are performed back to back over the same in-patient hospital stay (approximately three days). After 30 days, the maximum deviatoric stress of soil reinforced with 4% GG increased by 120% in comparison to the maximum stress that was achieved after five days. This can result in permanent damage to those tissues and lead to stroke or death. Solutions containing XG are non-Newtonian with high pseudoplasticity, which means that their viscosity decreases with an increase in shear stress25. I've seen it go from the buttocks to the labia, lymph nodes, thighs, ankles, even the toes. After that, the dissolved calcium chloride was added into the mixture. Rock Mech. 74, 6572 (2015). Therefore, alginate was first dissolved in water (13.5% of the mass of the base soil), as well as calcium chloride (3% of the water of the mass of the base soil). Correspondence to Mater. As a result, biopolymers have a dispersity of 1.[2]. The polymer that Mango extracts, about 250 kg of it per year, is tested in applications such as fibers and packaging for beauty care products. J. Geotech. About 50% of patients who seek the expertise of Dr. Kenneth B. Hughes travel from other states or countries to his state of the art, AAAASF-accredited surgery center in Los Angeles. After mixing a biopolymer with soil, water was sprayed in the soil-biopolymer mixture up to 16.5% of the mass of the base soil. Geomech. The true substantive makeup of these materials varies and are often unknown by the patient or the person using them. 100 Spence Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States. If the silicone migrates beyond the injection site, it can lead to embolism, stroke, or infection. Collagen as haemostat: When collagen interacts with platelets it causes a rapid coagulation of blood. For comparison purposes, Fig. 12732 W. Washington Blvd Suite B, Los Angeles, CA 90066, Click here for information regarding Covid-19 and Online Consultations, Textbook Chapters by Dr. Kenneth Hughes, MD, Dr. Kenneth Hughes Dimensional and Multifactorial Individualization, Bodytite and Facetite Skin Tightening without the Scars, Bodytite Skin Tightening without the Scars, Facetite Skin Tightening without the Scars, Liposuction Revision & Cellulite Reduction, Silicone Injections and Biopolymer Removal, Dr. Kenneth Hughes Plastic Surgery Videos, Breast Reconstruction and Breast Deformity Correction, SILICONE, PMMA, HYDROGEL, AND BIOPOLYMERS REMOVED FROM BUTTOCKS, WHAT IS THE COST OF SILICONE AND BIOPOLYMER REMOVAL FROM THE BUTTOCKS, https://www.hughesplasticsurgery.com//files/2021/06/Butt-Silicone-Injection-Removal-with-Dr.-Kenneth-Hughes-in-Los-Angeles-The-Before.mp4, SILICONE AND BIOPOLYMER INJECTION RESPONSIBLE FOR UNTOLD DEATHS, WHY SOME PATIENTS CANNOT HAVE THE PLASTIC SURGERY THEY WANT, WHY LIPOSUCTION OF FOREIGN MATERIAL INJECTIONS OF THE BUTTOCKS DOES NOT WORK, Facial Fat Grafting and Stem Cell Rejuvenation, The cost of silicone or biopolymer removal from the buttocks is $22,000 (in straightforward cases) to $30,000 or more in more complicated cases. Currently, social awareness and acceptance of minimally invasive facial treatments are continually increasing with the pursue of flawless appearance. and Eng. Bourriot, S., Garnier, C. & Doublier, J.-L. You can schedule a consultation with Dr. Jeremy Nikfarjam if you are suffering from any symptoms related to silicone injections. Dr. Kenneth Hughes, board-certified, Harvard-trained plastic surgeon in Los Angeles, has received hundreds of inquiries from patients all over the US and throughout the world in regard to Read More, WHY SOME PATIENTS CANNOT HAVE THE PLASTIC SURGERY THEY WANT M.M. Biopolymers are polymeric materials derived from biological sources. Quite frequently, the patient already has defects or skin damage preceding any type of removal surgery. In order to achieve these objectives, five different biopolymer types (XG, BG, GG, CHI, and ALG), three different biopolymer concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%), and several different curing times were investigated. Are they dangerous? Unlike UC and ST test results, the difference in the maximum deviatoric stress of specimens tested after five and 30 days of preparation was notable. Any patient who has been injected with an illicit foreign body can be a candidate for Dr. Nikfarjams silicone removal procedure. These are certainly not recommended by plastic surgeons, and these injections are frequently performed by individuals without appropriate training using less than sterile material that is not FDA approved for injection in the first place. From the preliminary data collected by the authors, it was evident that XG, GG, and BG showed the most promising results for the improvement of soil strength. Like other polymers, biopolymers consist of monomeric units that are covalently bonded in chains to form larger molecules. Furthermore, it can be noted that most of the strength developed after three to four days of curing. ALG, BG, GG, and XG showed a positive effect on the tensile strength after five and 30 days but XG had the most dominant effect. Dr. Kenneth Hughes utilizes a technique that preserves as much . Wiszniewski, M., Skutnik, Z., Biliniak, M. & Cabalar, A. F. Some geomechanical properties of a biopolymer treated medium sand. B 67, 285297 (1999). For the soil that was used in this research, the optimum biopolymer concentration of XG was close to 2%, whereas the optimum GG concentration was close to 1%. After the injection of all permanent fillers, a response to a foreign body attempting to remove the injected substance is often observed by clinicians. Thank you for your question regarding what to do with your silicone injections to the breasts. Figure1 depicts the grain size distribution curve for Piedmont residual soil used for this study. They are biodegradable and have no negative effects on the environment; therefore, they might be favorable soil-improvement material7. Regards, Dr. Nikfarjam began taking on silicone removal cases that other surgeons had turned away. Even though consolidated triaxial tests were frequently used to demonstrate the strength of soil, the authors recommend using unconsolidated undrained tests for testing of biopolymer treated soil. Finally, once the dry components were fully mixed with the liquid part, the blends of soil, biopolymer, and water were placed in cylindrical molds and evenly compacted. Food Chem 39, 15271532 (1991). This fact leads to a molecular mass distribution that is missing in biopolymers. Collagen based implants are used for cultured skin cells or drug carriers that are used for burn wounds and replacing skin.[7]. Dr. Kenneth Hughes performs these removals and reconstructions every day. Biopolymer removal (also known as silicone injections) is a big, invasive procedure. Mango is among the dozens of firms attempting to . The mold used for the direct shear test had a diameter of 6.3cm and a height of 2.5cm. UU tests were carried out after five and 30 days of curing. Nevertheless, even though biopolymers show substantial environmental and technological contributions to the improvement of soil engineering properties, biopolymers are still underutilized in geotechnical engineering practice. Do not opt for home, hotel, or spa injectable treatments by an unqualified practitioner. J. Biol. Sci. He can help resolve your symptoms and restore the shape and contour of your buttocks. In fact, in 2002, the production of cement contributed about six percent to the worlds CO2 emission2, and Andrew1 had pointed out the possible increase of that number in more recent years. This may range from surgical excision, to hyaluronidase injection followed byVASER liposuctionand fat transfer into the area to correct the resultant deformity. An additional reason why biopolymers have an advantage over MICP is the fact that they do not require any nutrient injection and can be directly used for ground improvement. This presents a unique situation in which Dr. Kenneth Hughes possesses the tools and skills to remedy a situation that others do not possess. Metz, B., Davidson, O., de Coninck, H., Loos, M. & Meyer, L. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Fillers used in aesthetic medicine are laboratory formulated in a way that provides safety, comfort, and beautiful outcomes if performed correctly. Dr. Nikfarjam believes that this is a medical condition requiring true medical care. However, their use raises many environmental concerns such as CO2 emissions due to cement production1, prevention of vegetation growth, groundwater contamination, and heat island creation, to name a few. Soil-biopolymer interaction varies depending on the engaged types of soil and biopolymer. Biopolymers are also being used as edible films that encapsulate foods. ASTM D2166/D2166M-13, Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil. Google Scholar. Furthermore, it has been used in civil engineering22,23. 98 % of the 300 million tons of polymers manufactured each year for packaging, construction, appliances, and other technical goods are made from fossil sources, predominantly crude oil . 8c). Proceedings of the 2018 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental, & Materials Research (ACEM18) Songdo Convensia, Incheon, Korea (2018). Hazard. & Siebert-Raths, A. These surgeries are not taken lightly by Dr. Hughes. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Structural biology is the study of the structural properties of biopolymers. Please remember to be aware, do not let any permanenrt filler to be injected into your face, breast, buttocks, calfs, genitalia, etc. 19 (2012). Food Hydrocolloids 13, 4349 (1999). The soil had eight perfect fine particles with the liquid limit, plastic limit and the index of plasticity being 49, 29, and 20, respectively. Packaging: The most common biopolymers used in packaging are polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), and starch. I'm currently looking for a plastic surgeon in the Dominican Republic that can remove the biopolymer injected to my buttocks. In the event of any reaction, removal of the material from the lips is necessary and should be done as soon as possible. Not to be confused with bioplastics, usually semi-synthetic polymers produced from renewable biomass sources. Please see Dr. Kenneth Hughess videos on YouTube for more specific examples. The FDA has issued a warning about the severe damage and deformation of the body that may result from the use of injected silicone to increase the size of the buttocks, breasts, and other parts of the body, manufactured by unlicensed suppliers. Influence of biopolymers on the tensile strength of the fresh specimens. Incisions are placed so that they are nearly invisible after surgery, The reconstructive stage is performed approximately four weeks after the first two stages are completed and includes liposuction and fat transfer (also pre-authorized through insurance). 94, 276284 (2008). UU test is the fastest triaxial test which can be used to find the maximum deviatoric stress and undrained shear strength at different confining pressures. 170, 14931500 (2018). Even though the higher concentration of ALG might have a larger impact on the improvement of the compressive strength, the workability at the higher concentrations of ALG can restrict the amount of ALG which can be applied to the soil. (a) Influence of biopolymer type and concentration on Youngs modulus (after five days of curing), (b) Change in the average compressive strength and water content during 30 days of curing. Rev. Their results indicated that the cohesion increased with the increase of gellan gum concentration. BG is a carbohydrate made of glucose molecules that are bound by glucopyranose29. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (2019). Protein, though used colloquially to refer to any polypeptide, refers to larger or fully functional forms and can consist of several polypeptide chains as well as single chains. It can be noted from Fig. & Peng, Y. The term "bio-polymer" refers to any foreign material introduced into the body that has elicited a bodily rejection. For determination of compressive strength, the axial load was applied with a strain rate of 1.5%/min, as per American Society for Testing and Materials Standard (ASTM) ASTM D2166/D2166M36. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Investigation at higher concentrations of BG is needed to provide an estimate for the optimum BG concentration. After compaction and extraction from the molds, one portion of specimens was tested within an hour of preparation (wet specimens) and other specimens were tested after designated curing time. Experimental deviatoric stress versus axial strain. The reason for that was the fact that ALG required a binding agent, such as calcium chloride, which has the ability to hold the ALG chain-molecules together. Dr. Nikfarjams silicone removal procedure is performed in three stages: Dr. Nikfarjam wants you to know that help is available and that you are not alone in your struggle! To be clear, the only 2 suitable methods for buttock augmentation are fat transfer to the buttocks and solid silicone gluteal implants (buttock implants). They have found that the tensile strength of soil increases with biopolymer concentration and time. Biopolymers that do this can be marked with a 'compostable' symbol, under European Standard EN 13432 (2000). The load was applied at the constant strain rate of 1.5%/min. The easier removals include solid substances like PMMA. Gelatin is an Extracellular Matrix protein which allows it to be applied for applications such as wound dressings, drug delivery and gene transfection.[5]. We'll be able to tell by the MRI if the biopolymer is in the muscle. Furthermore, ALG solution showed a promising effect on strength improvement. Silicone Breast Injection. 6). Although you're looking for a surgeon in Texas, it's important to do your research and weigh out your options. According to the previous research, biopolymers, such as Guar Gum (GG), Xanthan Gum (XG), Chitosan (CHI), and Beta 1,3/1,6 Glucan (BG), can significantly improve engineering properties of soils11,12,13,14,15,16. The goal of the procedure is not to flatten the buttock or to reduce the buttock/leg definition, but rather it is to tighten the skin of the posterior thigh and improve the buttock shape as well as the sagging or droopiness of the buttocks.

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