<< using a juice glass as a container for OJ. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. A _____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem.a. Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. It has a large number of potential solutions. endobj The "creative cognition" approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example of, PFC-damaged patients have trouble with reading comprehension tasks. Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. b. go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball. Please sign in to share these flashcards. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed. This research is an example of _____ research. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems operatorsc. /Type /Page Give Me Liberty! Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. c. buy first class or coach tickets for a spring break trip. the role of insight in creativity.c. The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. a single correct answer. /BaseFont /Times-Italic Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n) _______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. d. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. Cecile's emotions are influenced by. The authors argued that the difference between concomitant phenomenological insight and incremental problem solving can be used to define insight. She decides to use the breaks in between her classes to read and take notes from 15 pages at a time to make the task seem more manageable. b. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state. /BaseFont /Times-Bold Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? If they do not, they will all die rapidly of carbon dioxide poisoning. c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. target; sourcec. Continuing to take the street to the north represents ___________. A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. warmth Insight- remain low until just before the problem is solved, Successful problem-solving is a result of, restructuring the representation of the problem, focus on specific characteristics of the problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution, restricting the use of an object to its familiar functions, functional fixedness hinders problem solving. ill-defined; information processingc. Cassandra is using what approach to solve her problem? c. structural features. laboratory and real-world settings.c. /ProcSet 15 0 R the purpose of the exp. Tower of Hanoic. stationaryb. ill-defined; Gestaltb. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. flexibilityd. endobj insightc. Convergent thinkinga. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems. How can knowledge of human relations help in the work place. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. This is an example of the bias. Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known asa. Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem thea. a. d. degree of risk aversion one has. 30. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Name /F7 Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Intermediate states can be created bya. Some were measures of a kind of interpretive problem called "divergent thinking," or the capacity to concoct many responses to a problem. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. b. Cecile has dreamed of owning her own home for years, and she can finally afford a small cottage in an older neighborhood. Participants are given a chair and pliers. /XObject 19 0 R An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. Which of the following alternatives is most probable? Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices.b. I fought for it for a few minutes, then my line snapped. intermediate states. Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. operators.d. In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. endobj d. mental sets. He is worried that if he takes the job and fails, he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is _______. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. PFC activation was. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that. This particular discussion suggests that _______ may be more important than ______ in creative thinking. exemplar; source. endobj The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustratea. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. b. a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem. prototype, Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?a. a. spend less time analyzing problems, b. are better at reasoning in general, c. are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems, d. take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a proble, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.a. intermediate states.b. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? a problem space to nd a solution (Ericsson & Simon, 1993 . The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. 22 . 40. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if: which problem provides example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of problem? The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects is an example of: In Belilock and Carr's study of the relationship between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the ________ condition. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. d. incorrectly apply the permission schema. was to: demonstrate a diff. b. He now refers to the jacket as his lucky jacket and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because. /Name /F9 Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. high-pressurec. Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow. In analogical problem solving, the ______ problem is the problem that an individual is trying to solve, and the ____ problem, which has been solved in the past, is used as a guide for reaching that solution. This research is an example of ______ research. She decided to wait until her mother-in- law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. general principles that problems share.c. Using a tire as a swing seat and as a football practice targetc. lightbulbb. ] Wally's response illustrates the use of a(n)________. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ______ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. The fact that they are able to do so with the help of experts on Earth is similar to the ________ approach developed by Ronald Finke. << /Type /Font The purpose of the experiment was to; demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. /Font << << Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. does NOT have a clear identifiable solution, frequently occur in everyday life. the best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine: what info. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the, Mia has lived in New York City all her life. search. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? The students were very creative. /Name /F11 show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem . endobj design fixation.b. a. do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome. b. They found the ________ version to be more effective, because it had ______ features in common with the radiation problem. >> b) Measure the time-course of solving well-defined versus ill-defined problems well-defined; Gestaltd. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. gradually rise; gradually riseb. /Name /F5 The argument is strong because the premise includes nothing new. surfacing, structuring, and generalizing.d. /Subtype /Type1 Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. b. are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80% fat free than 20% fat. c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. continuity and form. /Subtype /Type1 12 0 obj Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. /F1 3 0 R unknotted, Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?a. endobj Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. One stop for all your course learning material, explainations, examples and practice questions. /MediaBox [ 0 0 610 789 ] 6 : Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution .The purpose of this experiment was to In studies such as Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987), when participants were presented with two sets of different predefined questions that were either Differences can also be attributed to other factors. Imagine that your friend James has just taken up the habit of smoking cigars because he thinks it makes him look cool. Which of the following is a barrier or obstacle to solving problems. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. analogiesb. participants in the _____ group had the fastest response time. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. a.the solution is immediately obvious. /Encoding 16 0 R Arrange acrobats in order of ascending size from left to rightb. She notices that she feels more positive about her home when she drives home by the abandoned shacks, but she hates her home when driving past the fancy mansions with their large lawns. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection.v. intermediate states. In the year of 201620162016, the population of the town of Smithfield was 7,2007,2007,200 and growing by 100100100 residents per year. /Type /Font In analogical problem solving, the_____ problem is the problem that an individual is trying to solve, and the ________ problem, which has been solved in the past, is used as a guide for reaching that solution. According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is, One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they. Stereotypes are reinforced by all of the following EXCEPT, Gabrielle is blonde, extremely attractive, and lives in an expensive condo. prior learning facilitating problem solving.b. >> present one sample design throughout the task.d. Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. a. performance is better for the concrete task. Only one acrobat may jump at a timec. /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold d. object with a specific function. present one sample design for a brief period.c. as a school of thought in Germany, about the same time, Studied chimpanzee behavior on the island of Tenerife of the Canary Islands off Africas. >> <> The title for chapter eight was Analogizing which is commonly misinterpreted as similarities between objects or concepts. Amber take. intermediated. /Name /F1 11 0 obj 17. a. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. operators.c. frequently used object.d. It is difficult to apply means-end analysis to an insight problem because it is difficult to define ____ for an insight problem.a. 15 0 obj /Encoding 16 0 R d. The argument is strong because there are a large number of observations and there is evidence about how the earth turns on its axis. EXPERIMENT 1 Method Subjects. Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. a. outcomes that achieve a person's goals. Describe some strategies that help you solve problems and make decisions based on your reading assignment. has a correct answer. /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year. . /Encoding 16 0 R Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves: In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem.

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