Differences in napier grass yield resulted between the irrigation rates and the non-irrigated yield (Table 3). Paturages et alimentation des ruminants en zone tropicale humide, 1989, 333-348: At variable production cost, comparative breakeven napier grass prices for non-irrigated, 50% irrigated, and full irrigated regimes were $77, $117, and $112Mg1, respectively. Keywords: Napier grass, varieties, nutritive quality, yield Introduction Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) occurs naturally throughout tropical Africa and particularly in East Africa. If the price received for peanuts is greater than the breakeven then peanuts are more profitable. The propagation of Napier grass is done by seeds. This study investigates the Napier grass and cattle slurry-based biogas production application that could be applied more cost-effectively more sustainable production biogas. 1. . Since napier grass is more competitive in a non-irrigated regime, it is most likely that producers will consider this option especially in periods of reduced crop prices or higher prices for bioenergy feedstocks. After the sowing process gets completed, the first irrigation does just by showering water on the soil. BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERS. The GA-06G peanut cultivar was used in all crop years at a seeding rate of 19 seed m1 [12]. After 80 days, after the first harvest, the weed can be take if necessary. Corn was planted at 6.5 seeds m1. The non-irrigated napier grass competitive price was lower than each of the irrigated rates at $77.40 and $93.78Mg1 (Table 5). There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. It grows in all kinds of soil. Pesticides, growth regulators, and defoliants were applied based on field scouting and best management recommendations. Super Napier grows well in all types of water. Nitrogen rates included 84, 168, and 336kgha1 and potassium was applied at 45 and 90kgha1. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In case you missed it: How to Grow Alfalfa from Seed: A Guide to Planting to Harvesting . The amount of protein is reduced.when cultivated in sand. However, the grass yield at the cutting intervals of 30, 45, 60 and 90 days was 16.88, 37.50, 62.50 and 81.25 tons dry weight/hectare/year, respectively. We use water mixture minerals necessary requirements that plants need. Color - Mostly, Sahiwal cows are red and brownish in color but sometimes, the color can be a mixture of golden and brown. You can convert Poultry farming into sustainable poultry farm too. In this method, a specific kind of rooster is the primary choice for meat. Yields 180 to 200 tonnes per acre per annum. Resulting from objective 2 will be cross commodity breakeven prices for each crop such that returns per acre are equal providing price points at which napier grass is economically competitive to the cropping system as well as crops with the system. Two of the nodes of the grass are being buried in the soil and one node will be above the ground level. Cross commodity breakeven prices are also calculated within WholeFarm [16]. Yield range is between 380-400 tons/ha. After 30 days we have to take the weeds. Don' use chemicals to kill spontaneous plants, you can separate them on 30 days gap. Nitrogen and potassium costs were $1.10 and $0.75 per kilogram, respectively. Napier grass, a tropical plant, can grow up in drought and dry conditions. Even in a small space, we can practice hydroponic farming. The 50% irrigation level provided net returns $145ha1 higher than the non-irrigated level. They sow as a plant to plant distance should be 2 feet and row to row distance should be 2 feet. Peanut Sci. The five (20112015) and ten (20062015) year average prices were: peanuts ($545.71 and $498.32Mg1), cotton ($1.70kg1 and $1.55kg1), and corn ($223.93Mg1 and $198.73Mg1) [11]. It should be in such a way that the seedbed should be very good for the plantation. Corn was produced on 330 thousand acres with a yield of 171 bushels per acre and a value of $194 million. Bioenerg Res 7:609619, Article Investment in 1000 Super napier grass plants. A 32 factorial design was also included for Nitrogen and Potassium fertilizer. . Appl Biochem Biotechnol 145:1321, Article Daily soil water potential at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6m is entered in the program. United States is the number one country which holds the maximum number of poultry farms globally. Next irrigations apply after few days of the weeding process. Aditya Abhishek has completed Bachelor Of Science in Agriculture from SDSUV, Uttarakhand. The disease is mainly transmitted by plant and leaf hoppers and stem cuttings. In other words 200 tons per acre, which can feed to 20 dairy cows, 30 - 35 goats for 12 months. The soil should be fully absorbed and given the required nutrients then the soil should be extinguished. 1. The establishment of seedlings will be done very rapidly from the slips rather than the ones which are grown from stem cuttings. Just beside horns, Gir cow ears rest downwards. Peanut, corn, and cotton were produced in non-irrigated and full irrigation regimes. Lamb, M.C., Anderson, W.F., Strickland, T.C. Future research improving water use efficiency, drought tolerance, or N efficiency of napier grass would increase the economic competitiveness of napier grass. On the first lactation, Hf cow produces 35 to 40 liters of milk per day for the next 2 months. The shoot become hard and flowers prematurely. Irrigation cost was estimated at $50.2 per hectare-cm. We don't use soil in hydroponic farming. These estimates provide information the initial criteria for consideration of napier grass as a potential crop in coastal plain region of Georgia. The middle row of each plot was harvested to obtain plot yield and samples for post-harvest quality evaluation starting in 2011. With the grass yielding about 600 bales per acre in one season and you can harvest 4 times in an year.The 2400 bales of Brachiaria grass can generate about 720000 .A bale of Brachiaria grass is more expensive than boma Rhodes and sells at 400.Brachial gives 20 tonnes of green fodder per acre. Napier grass cannot survive in the lands which are waterlogged and prone to floods. The Napier grass leaves and shoots which are young are considered edible and they are also used to make stews and even soups. Holstein Friesian is the full name of HF cow. For cotton, the required breakeven price occurred during 2years (40%) and 5years (50%) for the respective time periods. Agric. Co.CN4 is another hybrid Napier grass released by TNAU, Coimbatore, is a cross between Cumbu Co.8 and Napier grass F.T.461. The breakeven prices in the 100 and 50% irrigation levels were basically the same at approximately $69 and $90 per ton for variable and total cost (Table 5). When harvesting the fodder should be remove along the ground level. After 25 to 30 days, weeding of spontaneous plants is necessary, otherwise, they can stop the growth of your crop. He made this hybrid plant by crossing ordinary Napier grass with pearl millet named pakchong1 where it is developed. Grazing should not be done directly to the animals. Napier grass is ready for harvesting 3-4 months after planting and harvesting can continue at an interval of 6-8 weeks for 3 5 years. The combined fertility treatments did not have an effect on napier grass yield (P=0.054). Weeding can be done just before 20 days of your next crops. https://doi.org/10.2134/ctfm2014.0061, Davidson, J.I., Jr, M.C. Sita: Brachiaria grass is a tropical forage that is native to Africa. Although Napier grass grows for the whole year, all seasons but they get affected by rapid change of seasons. Packchong1 is the official name of Super Napier grass. Thus, producer objectives would drive irrigation level. Breakeven prices (cost per acre divided by yield) provide the prices at which production costs are covered for the given yield. Eyes- Sah, Investment in 1000 Super napier grass plants, Profit from 1000 super napier grass plants. Hydroponic Farming Setup in India - a Full Guide. Merkeron napier grass plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut, corn, and cotton cropping systems study. Harvest date was determined by the peanut maturity profile method which uses mesocarp pod color as a predictor of optimal harvest date [13]. Farmers should, therefore, continue to establish Napier grass using the current recommended size of three-node cuttings. Later it starts to decrease and stop to 30 liters pe, Most people keep doubts in their minds that desi cows are not good to start a dairy farming business of high investment and low production of milk. Napier grass was produced in both non-irrigated and two irrigated levels with different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. When you take first harvesting, then composting is required to apply on plants just after getting the same height of first composting and so on. WASTE DECOMPOSER! Though, there is similar kind developed in India but has low yield (100 tons per acre) and nutrition (8-10 % protein) compared to the Thailand made. Let's understand the Sahiwal cow and her performance in the dairy farming business. But, to get a very good yield which results in maximum returns, the sowing should be done by the end of February. Cane cuttings are placed at an angle of 450 inside the planting holes. Plant become stunted and eventually die. Though the production of seeds is not that consistent, the collection part is very tough. However, all plots were harvested minimum yield impact. An assumed price for napier grass of $75Mg1 was used to standardize revenue per hectare and the associated differences in irrigation application and rent cost were incorporated to estimate the partial net return to irrigation. One tim, Some people get suddenly excited by hearing the thumbnail or profit margin that people claim in hydroponic farming. In the 100% irrigation level, the prices for peanuts, cotton, and corn would be $394.29Mg1, $1.42kg1, and $193.56Mg1, respectively. Economic Competitiveness of Napier Grass in Irrigated and Non-irrigated Georgia Coastal Plain Cropping Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1, Agronomic performance, nitrogen acquisition and water-use efficiency of the perennial grain crop Thinopyrum intermedium in a monoculture and intercropped with alfalfa in Scandinavia, Perennial Bioenergy Crop Yield and Quality Response to Nitrogen Fertilization, Alley Cropping System in Degraded Land of Central India: Evaluation of Crop Performance, Economic Benefit and Soil Nutrients Availability, Conservation Agriculture-based Sustainable Intensification of Cereal Systems Leads to Energy Conservation, Higher Productivity and Farm Profitability, Cover crops for weed suppression in organic vegetable systems in semiarid subtropical Texas, Herbage accumulation, nutritive value and beef cattle production on marandu palisadegrass pastures in integrated systems, Green Manuring for Low-input Irrigated Maize Cultivation as an Energy Crop in Mediterranean Climates, Mulching and nitrogen management in peanut cultivation: an evaluation of productivity, energy trade-off, carbon footprint and profitability, Utilisation of cover crops: implications for conservation agriculture systems in a mediterranean climate region of South Africa, https://doi.org/10.1094/CM-2011-0721-02-RS. Do not use the mix of available chemicals in stores. Napier grass is used in the pest management strategy as a pull crop which attracts the pests to come out of the plant. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. 2004. Main varieties of hybrid Napier grass are, Pusa Giant, IGFRI 5, NB 21, NB 37, IGFRI 7 and IGFRI 10. . in other agricultural systems. Planting whole stems is useful during the heavy rains, and in hilly areas where you need the grass to sprout quickly to cover the ground. Peanut Res. Though yield difference between the 100 and 50% irrigation levels was significant, added costs for applying irrigation were incurred. Although yield increases were associated with increasing N rates in the irrigated regimes, partial budget analysis for N rates showed no difference in net returns to N rates (P=0.4217). HF cow gets the first lactation after becoming at least 2 years old. Required fields are marked *. In an existing cropping system, a portion of depreciation on existing equipment could be paid out whereas equipment required for a new crop alternative would have to be purchased and fully depreciated. It produces about 45 tonnes per hectare in a year and the harvesting can be done at least four times a year. Directly estimating the farm level returns of napier grass as a bioenergy feedstock is limited by the absence of price data for dry matter napier grass. Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management. Peanut Sci 37:100105, Nuti RC, Lamb MC, Sorensen RB, Truman CC (2009) Agronomic and economic response to furrow diking in irrigated and non-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Variable cost were derived from previous studies aimed at providing energy cane production cost in Louisiana and Florida where variable cost ranged from 59 to 79% of total cost of production at the farm level [4, 5, 20]. The buds of the cuttings should face up and should not be damaged. PubMedGoogle Scholar. . The roots of the Napier grass which are deep are the ones which make it resistant to drought. The results of this research provide the baseline for Southeast producers to evaluate napier grass production in both irrigated and non-irrigated environments relative to traditional cropping systems. . Inclusive of annual establishment, biomass cultivation, harvest costs, and total variable cost of production was found to be approximately $1215ha1 with fixed and overhead costs of $346 and $74ha1, respectively [4]. Cost of production estimates for peanut, corn, and cotton were taken from the University of Georgia Crop Extension budgets for non-irrigated and irrigated production. In particular, the yield is not reduced when the crops are cultivated on the beach sand. On a dry matter basis, breakeven napier grass prices at variable cost ranged from $65 to $69Mg1 depending on irrigation regime and fertility treatments and breakeven prices at total cost ranged from $84 to $91Mg1. 4 Utilisation Chop the harvested Napier grass and desmodium to reduce wastage while feeding to animals. Yearly variations in rainfall between crops were attributable to planting and harvest date differences. EDIS document SC089, Anderson WF, Dien BS, Brandon SK, Peterson JD (2008) Assessment of bermudagrass and bunch grasses as feedstocks for conversion to ethanol. This is the method which gives very high yields of herbage even in the seasons which are dry. This activity is very dangerous. In term of cost to maintain Napier grass was 77.4 US$ per year. That is when the climate is warm. After each harvest, 30 kg of nitrogen (65 kg of urea) will be given higher yield. Breakeven prices for napier grass ranged from $65 to $84Mg1 at variable and total costs. Utilizing a GIS-based approach to estimate production potential of three perennial grasses (giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Merkeron napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)), it was estimated that 2.29.4 Tg year1 of total biomass and 7783296 Ml year1 of ethanol could be produced annually on marginal lands (field borders and grassed waterways) in the Coastal Plain Region of Georgia. One acre of Napier grass planted by the conventional method can give enough feed for 1 to 2 dairy cows for one year The reproduction of Napier grass is done in a vegetative way through shoots which are horizontal called stolon which locate above the soil extending from the parent to the offspring. These costs were removed to accurately depict the actual cost. Napier grass contains 30.9% total . The current study focused on the feasibility of biogas production from Napier grass. Nitrogen (28-0-0-5) was side-dressed twice for a yearly total of 235kgNha1 and potassium, phosphorous, and minor elements were applied based on recommended rates from soil analysis. These cuttings can be 15 to 20 cm long and white-yellowish by color. Yield range is 380-400 tons/ha. Applications of expert systems in peanut production. Therefore the weeds do not sprout. Cotton seeding rate was 12 seed m1. The alternative source is applying natural pesticide. The results of the relative profitability of traditional cropping systems in irrigated and non-irrigated production environments parallel a Southeastern cropping system study focused on net returns of individual crops in irrigated and non-irrigated cropping system. At least 14045 splits are required for planting per acre. Irrigated yield were comparable to reported dry biomass yields of 16.4Mgha1 across five energy cane varieties with yield converted to a total farm area basis in Louisiana [4]. If the cross commodity breakeven price for peanuts (for example) is below the price received for peanuts, then napier grass (the comparison crop) provides higher net returns than peanuts. Cotton acreage was 1.13 million yielding 966 pounds per acre with a value of $694 million. Grass legume associations in the tropics. It was introduced to America and Australia in the 1800's. Through Australia, many species were later introduced in Asia and the south Pacific region. Merkeron napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cropping systems study conducted at the USDA/ARS Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, GA (84 36 W, 30 44 N) on a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults). Focusing on variable costs only is a more direct and comparable approach when evaluating inclusion of a new crop alternative into an existing cropping system. Each plot consisted of three rows 10m long (2m between rows) with 9 plants within each row. Don't use chemical or laboratory fertilizers in your fields, instead use organic compost. Conventional tillage practices were followed for peanut, corn, and cotton. Read More BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERSContinue, Read More Soybean Crop and CultivationContinue, Read More How To Control LEAF CURL VIRUS In Chilli?Continue, Read More Organic Farming : Myths and Facts Read or Miss OutContinue, Read More Farming System: Definition And Types Of Farming SystemContinue, Read More Insight On Cultivation Of Rice: From Sowing To HarvestingContinue, Your email address will not be published. A weighted system is used to average soil water potential over the 3 depths where the shallowest sensor carries 43% of the average compared to 32% at 0.4m and 25% at 0.6m. An average soil water potential of 50kPa will trigger irrigation [14, 15]. In addition, economic comparisons were made with a traditional cropping system in the region consisting of peanut, cotton, and corn to calculate the price required for economic competitiveness. For this analysis, production costs per ton and breakeven prices will be provided based on both variable and total costs of production. Don't fill irrigation water more than 2 inches when the plant becomes 20 cm long. Super Napier grass which is scientifically a cross of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). The breakeven prices in the non-irrigated, 50% irrigated, and 100% irrigated regimes are provided in Table 5. Each and every seedling has to be separated from the clump. Lamb, C.L. These breakeven prices reflect the competiveness of napier grass grown as a perennial crop compared to individual annual crops commonly grown in rotation sequences together.

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