Detective John Sorenson, Dade County Morals & Juvenile Squad (Archival):There may be some in this auditorium. The cops were barricaded inside. June is internationally recognized as Pride Month, and this years celebrations mark the 50 th anniversary of the Stonewall Riotsthe catalyst for the modern LGBTQ+ civil rights movement.. Martin Boyce:For me, there was no bar like the Stonewall, because the Stonewall was like the watering hole on the savannah. Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. WPA Film Library, Thanks to This was the first time I could actually sense, not only see them fearful, I could sense them fearful. And some people came out, being very dramatic, throwing their arms up in a V, you know, the victory sign. A medievalist. Carters book is a terrific read for anyone interested in gay history At the time of the Stonewall uprising I had just turned 19 and was essentially a virgin. I believe hes an honorable man, There were occasions where you did see people get night-sticked, or disappear into a group of police and, you know, everybody knew that was not going to have a good end. Cause we could feel a sense of love for each other that we couldn't show out on the street, because you couldn't show any affection out on the street. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:What was so good about the Stonewall was that you could dance slow there. City Room, a news blog of live reporting, features and reader conversations about New York City, has been archived. Things were just changing. WebStonewall Riot praxis one paper pcs 215 03 praxis the stonewall riots in 1969, people responded to violence from officers at police raid at the stonewall inn in Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University The Laramie Project Cast at The Calhoun School But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Historic Films National Archives and Records Administration We don't know. As the riots progressed, an international gay rights movement was born. WebView informativespeechoutline.docx from COMM MISC at Texas State University. And gay people were standing around outside and the mood on the street was, "They think that they could disperse us last night and keep us from doing what we want to do, being on the street saying I'm gay and I'm proud? WebIn the early hours of Saturday, June 28, 1969, a riot broke out during a police raid of the Stonewall Inn, an LGBT bar. Jerry Hoose:I mean the riot squad was used to riots. And she was quite crazy. Internet History Sourcebooks Project Documents from the 1969 Furor Immediately following the Stonewall riots of June 27th 1969, a series of demonstrations Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We only had about six people altogether from the police department knowing that you had a precinct right nearby that would send assistance. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). WebChicago Race Riot in 1919, Tulsa Race Massacre 1921, Zoot Suite riot in 1943, riots in Newark and Detroit in 1967 and the LA Riots in 1995)(See Stonewall Riots, 1969). The Stonewall was also not the only bar in town being frequently raided. The Mafia owned the jukeboxes, they owned the cigarette machines and most of the liquor was off a truck hijacking. Dick Leitsch:And so the cops came with these buses, like five buses, and they all were full of tactical police force. Accustomed to more passive behaviour, even from larger gay groups, the policemen called for reinforcements and barricaded themselves inside the bar while some 400 people rioted. We were thinking about survival. When My father said, "About time you fags rioted.". David Alpert Somebody grabbed me by the leg and told me I wasn't going anywhere. If you are unable to visit the Library, you may be able to access these resources through your local public or academic library. And it was those loudest people, the most vulnerable, the most likely to be arrested, were the ones that were doing the real fighting. Doric Wilson:And I looked back and there were about 2,000 people behind us, and that's when I knew it had happened. Dick Leitsch:And the blocks were small enough that we could run around the block and come in behind them before they got to the next corner. One was the 1845 statute that made it a crime in the state to masquerade. They were afraid that the FBI was following them. Occurring as it did in the context of the civil rights and feminist movements, the Stonewall riots became a galvanizing force. One such well-known gathering place for young gay men, lesbians, and transgender people was the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a dark, seedy, crowded bar, reportedly operating without a liquor license. John Marshall is listed as a representative for the Mattachine Society of Washington in the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Files, so researchers may wish to search that name specifically in the Kamney and Vincenz collections. Acceptance and respect from the establishment were no longer being humbly requested but angrily and righteously demanded. Anger erupted after New York City police arrested 13 people during a raid at the Stonewall Inn, a bar and safe space for the LGBTQ+ community. The mob was saying, you know, "Screw you, cops, you think you can come in a bust us up? What do you do in Documenting the Stonewall Riots that you didnt do in your book? John O'Brien:They had increased their raids in the trucks. Raymond Castro:If that light goes on, you know to stop whatever you're doing, and separate. It was fun to see fags. We assembled on Christopher Street at 6th Avenue, to march. Many historians characterized the uprising as a spontaneous protest against the perpetual police harassment and social discrimination suffered by a variety of sexual minorities in the 1960s. Narrator (Archival):This involves showing the gay man pictures of nude males and shocking him with a strong electric current. They really were objecting to how they were being treated. It was a down at a heels kind of place, it was a lot of street kids and things like that. And we were singing: "We are the Village girls, we wear our hair in curls, we wear our dungarees, above our nellie knees." Dr. Socarides (Archival):I think the whole idea of saying "the happy homosexual" is to, uh, to create a mythology about the nature of homosexuality. Fred Sargeant:Someone at this point had apparently gone down to the cigar stand on the corner and got lighter fluid. You know, we wanted to be part of the mainstream society. And then as you turned into the other room with the jukebox, those were the drag queens around the jukebox. Jerry Hoose:And I got to the corner of Sixth Avenue and Eighth Street, crossed the street and there I had found Nirvana. The records concern the start of the Stonewall uprising in the early morning of June 28, 1969. But we had to follow up, we couldn't just let that be a blip that disappeared. An article in the Rat, Subterranean News entitled "Queen Power" chronicling the night of the Stonewall Uprising and the centrality of drag queens, trans, and gender non-conforming participants. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, we did use the small hoses on the fire extinguishers. In the trucks or around the trucks. Then the cops come up and make use of what used to be called the bubble-gum machine, back then a cop car only had one light on the top that spun around. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. WebThe Stonewall Inn is a gay bar in New York City. It was one of the things you did in New York, it was like the Barnum and Bailey aspect of it. Within minutes, a full-blown riot involving hundreds of people began. With riveting narrative skill, he recreates those revolutionary, sweltering nights in vivid detail through the lives of six people who were drawn into the struggle for LGBTQ rights. John O'Brien:The election was in November of 1969 and this was the summer of 1969, this was June. I would get in the back of the car and they would say, "We're going to go see faggots." That's what gave oxygen to the fire. A History of Gay Rights in America. There may be some here today that will be homosexual in the future. Dana Kirchoff Martin Boyce:We were like a Hydra. That night, the police ran from us, the lowliest of the low. I was celebrating my birthday at the Stonewall. Seymour Wishman The medical experimentation in Atascadero included administering, to gay people, a drug that simulated the experience of drowning; in other words, a pharmacological example of waterboarding. "The rebellion (it was never a 'riot') lasted five inconsecutive nights (they were not 'riots')" -STONEWALL Veterans' Association. They were not used to a bunch of drag queens doing a Rockettes kick line and sort of like giving them all the finger in a way. Don't fire until I fire. As president of the Mattachine Society in New York, I tried to negotiate with the police and the mayor. The concept behind the initial Pride march was formally proposed by lesbian activist Ellen Broidy (NYU Student Homophile League), who had written the proposaltogether with Craig Rodwell (Homophile Youth Movement). had beenorganizing an annual July 4th demonstration (1965-1969) known as the "Reminder Day Pickets," at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. The Stonewall riots inspired gay Americans to fight for their rights. % The Genovese family bribed New Yorks Sixth Police Precinct to ignore the activities occurring within the club. Danny Garvin:Everybody would just freeze or clam up. Martha Babcock William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The Stonewall riots came at a central point in history. I grew up in a very Catholic household and the conflict of issues of redemption, of is it possible that if you are this thing called homosexual, is it possible to be redeemed? The five days of rioting that ensued changed forever the face of gay and lesbian life. I went in there and they took bats and just busted that place up. Danny Garvin:There was more anger and more fight the second night. We take great pride in preserving the history of this groundbreaking event in Americas battle for LGBTQ+ equality. Do you understand me?". It is important to note that in addition to arresting LGBTQ+ people, first-hand accounts reveal the violence that police enacted on those they had arrested. From theWikimedia Commons. In addition to launching numerous public demonstrations to protest the lack of civil rights for gay individuals, these organizations often resorted to such tactics as public confrontations with political officials and the disruption of public meetings to challenge and to change the mores of the times. The last time I saw him, he was a walking vegetable. Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography We could lose our memory from the beating, we could be in wheelchairs like some were. At least if you had press, maybe your head wouldn't get busted. (Doc. Martha Shelley:If you were in a small town somewhere, everybody knew you and everybody knew what you did and you couldn't have a relationship with a member of your own sex, period. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The criminalization of homosexuality led many gay establishments to operate sans liquor license, providing an open door for raids and police brutality. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. And then they send them out in the street and of course they did make arrests, because you know, there's all these guys who cruise around looking for drag queens. Do you want them to lose all chance of a normal, happy, married life? And Dick Leitsch, who was the head of the Mattachine Society said, "Who's in favor?" Tom Caruso However, in the 51 years since, not everyone has benefited equally. A rich and sweeping photographic history of the Queer Liberation Movement, from the creators and curators of the massively popular Instagram account @lgbt_history, released in time for the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots. We didn't expect we'd ever get to Central Park. Just let's see if they can. . You had no place to try to find an identity. Daniel Pine Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. The 7.7-acre (3.1-hectare) monument included the Stonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surrounding streets and sidewalks. Chris Mara, Production Assistants 400 Plankinton Ave. Compton's Cafeteria Raid, San Francisco, California, 1966, Coopers Do-Nut Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1959, LGBTQ History and Culture Since 1940, Part I, LGBTQ History and Culture Since 1940, Part II, Sex and Sexuality, Sixteenth to Twentieth Century, International Perspectives on LGBTQ Activism and Culture. The Stonewall had reopened. These homosexuals glorify unnatural sex acts. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And I keep listening and listening and listening, hoping I'm gonna hear sirens any minute and I was very freaked. "Don't fire. The police weren't letting us dance. Marc Stein: My book reprinted 200 primary documentary sources from 1965 to 1973 and provided an introduction to the multiple ways that these sources can be interpreted. You knew you could ruin them for life. Doric Wilson:There was joy because the cops weren't winning. rebellion in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969. We were going to propose something that all groups could participate in and what we ended up producing was what's now known as the gay pride march. In the early hours of June 28, 1969, a police raid of the Stonewall Inn exploded into a riot when patrons of the LGBT bar resisted arrest and clashed with police. Charles Harris, Transcriptions But we're going to pay dearly for this. Identify the topic you chose to explore: Tulsa Massacre The Web site OutHistory.org has obtained police records from the start of the Stonewall But I gave it up about, oh I forget, some years ago, over four years ago. Glenn Fukushima In the Life Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. o A protest may turn into a riot when it involves the destruction of property, the use of weapons, or when it results in people becoming injured. The severity of the punishment varies from state to state. A set of police records gathered by OutHistory.org, a Web site run by the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies at the City University of New York Graduate Center. Greg Shea, Legal x , 341 pp. In particular, he cited the naming of Ms. Fowler as significant because some writers had questioned the extent or even existence of womens involvement at the inception of the uprising. A few of us would get dressed up in skirts and blouses and the guys would all have to wear suits and ties. Webindividual project on the stonewall riots pcs 309 dr hale Research Paper: eight-ten pages with the following sections (30 points): Introduction Conflict Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University (The original inn closed soon after the riots, and the new bar, which occupies only part of the original space, has no other connection to the original establishment.) On this 50th anniversary of Stonewall, the National Archives pays homage to those who risked their lives protesting for their basic human rights. Narrator (Archival):This is a nation of laws. Eventually something was bound to blow. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> But everybody knew it wasn't normal stuff and everyone was on edge and that was the worst part of it because you knew they were on edge and you knew that the first shot that was fired meant all the shots would be fired. Stonewall riots | Definition, Significance, & Facts | Britannica But as we were going up 6th Avenue, it kept growing. I mean it didn't stop after that. It was the third such raid on Greenwich Village gay bars in a short period. Primary sources related to the Black Nite Brawl in August 1961 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They'd think I'm a cop even though I had a big Jew-fro haircut and a big handlebar mustache at the time. David Carter, Author ofStonewall:Most raids by the New York City Police, because they were paid off by the mob, took place on a weeknight, they took place early in the evening, the place would not be crowded. And they were having a meeting at town hall and there were 400 guys who showed up, and I think a couple of women, talking about these riots, 'cause everybody was really energized and upset and angry about it. We had been threatened bomb threats. As kids, we played King Kong. Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. . And if enough people broke through they would be killed and I would be killed. It's the first time I'm fully inside the Stonewall. But the protests, sometimes involving thousands of people, continued in the area for five more days, flaring up at one point after the Village Voice published its account of the riots. WebFinal Question What caused the Stonewall Riots? Queer Riffs on Life Since 1969, for 7:30 p.m. Monday at the current Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We told this to our men. Mr. Katz highlighted several ways in which the documents cast new light on the Stonewall uprising: In an interview, Mr. Carter said of the documents, Theres potential there for learning a lot more.. Danny Garvin:We had thought of women's rights, we had thought of black rights, all kinds of human rights, but we never thought of gay rights, and whenever we got kicked out of a bar before, we never came together. Where did you buy it? Beginning of our night out started early. Slate:Activity Group Therapy (1950), Columbia University Educational Films. And as awful as people might think that sounds, it's the way history has always worked. Gay people were not powerful enough politically to prevent the clampdown and so you had a series of escalating skirmishes in 1969. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/stonewall Meanwhile, there was crowds forming outside the Stonewall, wanting to know what was going on. Judith Kuchar The Underground Lounge Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. He is the founder of Mattachine Society of New York. At the E.R.C.H.O Conference in November 1969, the 13 homophile organizations in attendance voted to pass a resolution to organize a National annual demonstration, to be called Christopher Street Liberation Day. More info at //www.nypl.org/calendar. Richard Enman (Archival):Present laws give the adult homosexual only the choice of being, to simplify the matter, heterosexual and legal or homosexual and illegal. . But, that's when we knew, we were ourselves for the first time. And the Village has a lot of people with children and they were offended. They were supposed to be weak men, limp-wristed. Eric Marcus, Writer:It was incredibly hot. National History Archive, LGBT Community Center a National Historic Landmark in 2000. The police barricade was repeatedly breached, and the bar was set on fire. Philly took me to NYC for the 1st time and we went to a bar called The Sewer. Because one out of three of you will turn queer. Like many gay establishments at the time, the Stonewall Inn was owned by the mafia, and as long as they continued to make a profit, they cared very little what happened to their clientele. and not published at the time, have resurfaced only in recent years.). John O'Brien:There was one street called Christopher Street, where actually I could sit and talk to other gay people beyond just having sex. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And by the time the police would come back towards Stonewall, that crowd had gone all the around Washington Place come all the way back around and were back pushing in on them from the other direction and the police would wonder, "These are the same people or different people?". Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:At a certain point, it felt pretty dangerous to me but I noticed that the cop that seemed in charge, he said you know what, we have to go inside for safety. By 1969, the Stonewall Inn (now a national monument) was one of the most popular gay bars in New York City.Throughout the state, homosexuality was considered a criminal offense, and it would take over a decade of organizing before "same-sex relationships" were legalized in 1980 (New York v. Onofre). It is not comprehensive or complete; please send recommendations for additional primary sources by email tomarcs@sfsu.edu. ITN Source I never saw so many gay people dancing in my life. WebIt provides references for primary documents related to the materials reprinted in The Stonewall Riots; most of the sources come from newspapers, magazines, and The police, a few prisoners and a Village Voice writer barricaded themselves in the bar, which the mob attempted to set on fire after breaching the barricade repeatedly. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:That night I'm in my office, I looked down the street, and I could see the Stonewall sign and I started to see some activity in front.

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